Description

Introduction

Metformin is an oral medication widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. It belongs to a class of drugs called biguanides and works by improving the body’s response to insulin, reducing glucose production in the liver, and helping control blood sugar levels. It is one of the most commonly prescribed and well-tolerated diabetes medications.

Why Metformin Is Used

Metformin is used to:

• Lower high blood sugar levels
• Improve insulin sensitivity
• Reduce glucose production in the liver
• Help the body use insulin more effectively
• Support long-term diabetes management

It may also help with weight control and is sometimes used for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Health Conditions Treated by Metformin

Type 2 Diabetes

Metformin is first-line therapy for:

• High blood glucose
• Insulin resistance
• Prediabetes (in some patients)

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Helps regulate:

• Menstrual cycles
• Insulin resistance
• Hormonal imbalance

Other Uses (Doctor-Guided)

• Weight management in insulin-resistant patients
• Prevention of diabetes progression in high-risk individuals

Symptoms and Issues Metformin Helps Manage

By controlling blood sugar, Metformin helps reduce:

• Excessive thirst
• Frequent urination
• Fatigue
• Blurred vision
• Slow healing of wounds
• Risk of diabetes-related complications

Side Effects of Metformin

Common Side Effects

• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Stomach cramps
• Loss of appetite
• Metallic taste

These usually improve after a few days as the body adjusts.

Serious Side Effects (Rare)

• Lactic acidosis (very rare but serious)

  • Symptoms: muscle pain, trouble breathing, severe weakness

• Vitamin B12 deficiency with long-term use

• Severe stomach pain or persistent vomiting

Seek medical help if severe symptoms occur.

Diagnosis and When Metformin Is Prescribed

Doctors prescribe Metformin after evaluating:

• Fasting blood sugar
• HbA1c levels
• Medical history
• Symptoms of high blood sugar
• Kidney function tests (important before starting Metformin)

How to Use Metformin Safely

• Take with food to reduce stomach upset
• Do not skip doses
• Swallow extended-release tablets whole
• Follow the dosage given by your doctor
• Avoid alcohol excess
• Stay hydrated
• Regularly check blood sugar levels

Prevention & Management Tips

• Maintain a balanced diet
• Exercise regularly
• Keep regular doctor check-ups
• Monitor vitamin B12 levels with long-term use
• Avoid using Metformin if dehydrated or before certain medical procedures (doctor will advise)

Common Questions About Metformin

How long does Metformin take to work?

Blood sugar levels may improve within 48–72 hours, with full benefit in 1–2 weeks.

Can Metformin cause weight loss?

Yes, many patients experience mild weight loss due to improved insulin sensitivity.

Can I take Metformin if I have kidney problems?

Only if your doctor approves—kidney function must be monitored.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take it when you remember, unless it’s close to the next dose. Do not double the dose.

Can Metformin be used for PCOS?

Yes, it is commonly used to help regulate insulin and menstrual cycles.

Conclusion

Metformin is a safe and effective medication for managing type 2 diabetes and improving insulin sensitivity. It helps regulate blood sugar, reduces complications, and may support weight control. Always follow your healthcare provider’s guidance and monitor your health regularly.